The Colegio de San Ildefonso, situated in Mexico City, serves as a museum and cultural center, renowned as the birthplace of the Mexican muralism movement. Established in 1588 as a Jesuit boarding school, it gained educational eminence during different periods, notably as the National Preparatory School after the Reform War. The site was closed in 1978 but reopened in 1992 as a museum, showcasing permanent and temporary art and archaeological exhibitions alongside murals by renowned artists like José Clemente Orozco, Diego Rivera, and others.

Initially a Jesuit college dedicated to education beyond religious teachings, it merged with San Pedro y San Pablo College in 1618, later undergoing expansions in the 18th century. The Jesuits' expulsion in 1767 led to a decline in the school's operations, eventually transforming into the National Preparatory School under secular management during the 19th century.

Following the Mexican Revolution, San Ildefonso became a canvas for government-sponsored mural paintings, symbolizing Mexico's history and politics. Closed in 1978, the building was revitalized in 1992, housing diverse art and archaeological exhibits, contributing to the historic center's cultural resurgence in Mexico City.

The complex consists of colonial baroque sections like Colegio Grande and Colegio Chico, showcasing murals by Orozco, Revueltas, and others. The museum hosts various exhibitions, emphasizing Mexican and foreign cultures, while also serving as a venue for cultural and business events. The detailed architecture, including tezontle-covered facades and ornate portals, adds to its historical significance.

San Ildefonso stands as a significant cultural landmark, preserving artistic legacies and contributing to Mexico City's vibrant cultural scene through its exhibitions, murals, and historical architecture.