Daughter of Rafael "Ralph" Alabanza de Leon and Mildred Frances Harris de Leon. Niece of Fermin Alabanza de Leon. Sister of Ralph de Leon. First cousin of Thelma Jean Garcia Buchholdt.
Wife and widow of Lorain "Loren" Durham. Wife of Jerome "Jerry" Young. Mother of Laureen, Linda, and Michael Durham.
- - -
After her marriage to Jerry Young, she changed her name from Alice Durham to Alice Durham Young.
- - -
An essay inspired by the ethnocentric messages of a particularly irritating Find a Grave volunteer:
Alice Durham Young's father Rafael Alabanza de Leon was born and raised in a matriarchal society. He lived in a time and at a place where women owned and ran most of the businesses. Women were the leaders and the politicians, the healers, the money lenders, the builders, and the planners in the community. That was the culture in certain areas of the northern Philippines, long before the "civilized" West allowed Western women to vote or take an equal and active voice in the political process.
In this matriarchal society where Alice's father was raised, women did not take their husband's surnames. While children often took their father's surnames, sometimes children took their mother's surnames.
For most of human history in the archipelago, among the many dozens of cultures and roughly 180 languages and dialects, there was no "standardized" naming tradition. People did not have surnames, or any single "family" surname.
In some cultures in the islands, a parent's second name was that of his or her child. Or it was a word for a trait or quality a person possessed or desired. In other cultures, children's surnames were the same as their father's given name, so that a person's exact identity could be easily ascertained in conversation.
In the early 1800s, the Spanish invaders decided that, to simplify their tax records, and for their own convenience, the population of the islands had to be forced to abandon their naming traditions and even abandon their own names, and instead adopt Spanish surnames from an official list.
And so, on November 21, 1849, Governor General Narciso Clavería ordered a distribution of surnames to be assigned to Filipino families from the Catalogo Alfabetico de Apellidos.
If a family was already using a "restricted" Spanish surname, that family would be forced to change their name to another, arbitrarily selected Spanish surname, unless that family could "adequately" prove that they had earned the name "legitimately" through four generations of use. But if a local Spanish administrator did not want to be bothered with resistance to the re-naming process, he would tell the local families to simply submit the name of their choice. Records were kept of the new names, but not of the old names.
In general, original indigenous family names in many dozens of cultures in the archipelago still exist where either (1) a family had a high enough economic standing that they could pay the price demanded by the Spanish invaders in order to retain their indigenous name, or (2) they had a low enough economic standing and lived in a distant and isolated region where name change enforcement was not feasible, or (3) a family was living in one of the many portions of the archipelago where the Spanish had not been able to establish political control.
The concept of a male family surname being used as the surname of all members of the family -- it is currently what most people do in Western or Western-influenced societies. But it is only one naming convention, just one among so many other naming conventions that have existed and will continue to exist in human society.
Wife and widow of Lorain "Loren" Durham. Wife of Jerome "Jerry" Young. Mother of Laureen, Linda, and Michael Durham.
- - -
After her marriage to Jerry Young, she changed her name from Alice Durham to Alice Durham Young.
- - -
An essay inspired by the ethnocentric messages of a particularly irritating Find a Grave volunteer:
Alice Durham Young's father Rafael Alabanza de Leon was born and raised in a matriarchal society. He lived in a time and at a place where women owned and ran most of the businesses. Women were the leaders and the politicians, the healers, the money lenders, the builders, and the planners in the community. That was the culture in certain areas of the northern Philippines, long before the "civilized" West allowed Western women to vote or take an equal and active voice in the political process.
In this matriarchal society where Alice's father was raised, women did not take their husband's surnames. While children often took their father's surnames, sometimes children took their mother's surnames.
For most of human history in the archipelago, among the many dozens of cultures and roughly 180 languages and dialects, there was no "standardized" naming tradition. People did not have surnames, or any single "family" surname.
In some cultures in the islands, a parent's second name was that of his or her child. Or it was a word for a trait or quality a person possessed or desired. In other cultures, children's surnames were the same as their father's given name, so that a person's exact identity could be easily ascertained in conversation.
In the early 1800s, the Spanish invaders decided that, to simplify their tax records, and for their own convenience, the population of the islands had to be forced to abandon their naming traditions and even abandon their own names, and instead adopt Spanish surnames from an official list.
And so, on November 21, 1849, Governor General Narciso Clavería ordered a distribution of surnames to be assigned to Filipino families from the Catalogo Alfabetico de Apellidos.
If a family was already using a "restricted" Spanish surname, that family would be forced to change their name to another, arbitrarily selected Spanish surname, unless that family could "adequately" prove that they had earned the name "legitimately" through four generations of use. But if a local Spanish administrator did not want to be bothered with resistance to the re-naming process, he would tell the local families to simply submit the name of their choice. Records were kept of the new names, but not of the old names.
In general, original indigenous family names in many dozens of cultures in the archipelago still exist where either (1) a family had a high enough economic standing that they could pay the price demanded by the Spanish invaders in order to retain their indigenous name, or (2) they had a low enough economic standing and lived in a distant and isolated region where name change enforcement was not feasible, or (3) a family was living in one of the many portions of the archipelago where the Spanish had not been able to establish political control.
The concept of a male family surname being used as the surname of all members of the family -- it is currently what most people do in Western or Western-influenced societies. But it is only one naming convention, just one among so many other naming conventions that have existed and will continue to exist in human society.
Daughter of Rafael "Ralph" Alabanza de Leon and Mildred Frances Harris de Leon. Niece of Fermin Alabanza de Leon. Sister of Ralph de Leon. First cousin of Thelma Jean Garcia Buchholdt.
Wife and widow of Lorain "Loren" Durham. Wife of Jerome "Jerry" Young. Mother of Laureen, Linda, and Michael Durham.
- - -
After her marriage to Jerry Young, she changed her name from Alice Durham to Alice Durham Young.
- - -
An essay inspired by the ethnocentric messages of a particularly irritating Find a Grave volunteer:
Alice Durham Young's father Rafael Alabanza de Leon was born and raised in a matriarchal society. He lived in a time and at a place where women owned and ran most of the businesses. Women were the leaders and the politicians, the healers, the money lenders, the builders, and the planners in the community. That was the culture in certain areas of the northern Philippines, long before the "civilized" West allowed Western women to vote or take an equal and active voice in the political process.
In this matriarchal society where Alice's father was raised, women did not take their husband's surnames. While children often took their father's surnames, sometimes children took their mother's surnames.
For most of human history in the archipelago, among the many dozens of cultures and roughly 180 languages and dialects, there was no "standardized" naming tradition. People did not have surnames, or any single "family" surname.
In some cultures in the islands, a parent's second name was that of his or her child. Or it was a word for a trait or quality a person possessed or desired. In other cultures, children's surnames were the same as their father's given name, so that a person's exact identity could be easily ascertained in conversation.
In the early 1800s, the Spanish invaders decided that, to simplify their tax records, and for their own convenience, the population of the islands had to be forced to abandon their naming traditions and even abandon their own names, and instead adopt Spanish surnames from an official list.
And so, on November 21, 1849, Governor General Narciso Clavería ordered a distribution of surnames to be assigned to Filipino families from the Catalogo Alfabetico de Apellidos.
If a family was already using a "restricted" Spanish surname, that family would be forced to change their name to another, arbitrarily selected Spanish surname, unless that family could "adequately" prove that they had earned the name "legitimately" through four generations of use. But if a local Spanish administrator did not want to be bothered with resistance to the re-naming process, he would tell the local families to simply submit the name of their choice. Records were kept of the new names, but not of the old names.
In general, original indigenous family names in many dozens of cultures in the archipelago still exist where either (1) a family had a high enough economic standing that they could pay the price demanded by the Spanish invaders in order to retain their indigenous name, or (2) they had a low enough economic standing and lived in a distant and isolated region where name change enforcement was not feasible, or (3) a family was living in one of the many portions of the archipelago where the Spanish had not been able to establish political control.
The concept of a male family surname being used as the surname of all members of the family -- it is currently what most people do in Western or Western-influenced societies. But it is only one naming convention, just one among so many other naming conventions that have existed and will continue to exist in human society.
Wife and widow of Lorain "Loren" Durham. Wife of Jerome "Jerry" Young. Mother of Laureen, Linda, and Michael Durham.
- - -
After her marriage to Jerry Young, she changed her name from Alice Durham to Alice Durham Young.
- - -
An essay inspired by the ethnocentric messages of a particularly irritating Find a Grave volunteer:
Alice Durham Young's father Rafael Alabanza de Leon was born and raised in a matriarchal society. He lived in a time and at a place where women owned and ran most of the businesses. Women were the leaders and the politicians, the healers, the money lenders, the builders, and the planners in the community. That was the culture in certain areas of the northern Philippines, long before the "civilized" West allowed Western women to vote or take an equal and active voice in the political process.
In this matriarchal society where Alice's father was raised, women did not take their husband's surnames. While children often took their father's surnames, sometimes children took their mother's surnames.
For most of human history in the archipelago, among the many dozens of cultures and roughly 180 languages and dialects, there was no "standardized" naming tradition. People did not have surnames, or any single "family" surname.
In some cultures in the islands, a parent's second name was that of his or her child. Or it was a word for a trait or quality a person possessed or desired. In other cultures, children's surnames were the same as their father's given name, so that a person's exact identity could be easily ascertained in conversation.
In the early 1800s, the Spanish invaders decided that, to simplify their tax records, and for their own convenience, the population of the islands had to be forced to abandon their naming traditions and even abandon their own names, and instead adopt Spanish surnames from an official list.
And so, on November 21, 1849, Governor General Narciso Clavería ordered a distribution of surnames to be assigned to Filipino families from the Catalogo Alfabetico de Apellidos.
If a family was already using a "restricted" Spanish surname, that family would be forced to change their name to another, arbitrarily selected Spanish surname, unless that family could "adequately" prove that they had earned the name "legitimately" through four generations of use. But if a local Spanish administrator did not want to be bothered with resistance to the re-naming process, he would tell the local families to simply submit the name of their choice. Records were kept of the new names, but not of the old names.
In general, original indigenous family names in many dozens of cultures in the archipelago still exist where either (1) a family had a high enough economic standing that they could pay the price demanded by the Spanish invaders in order to retain their indigenous name, or (2) they had a low enough economic standing and lived in a distant and isolated region where name change enforcement was not feasible, or (3) a family was living in one of the many portions of the archipelago where the Spanish had not been able to establish political control.
The concept of a male family surname being used as the surname of all members of the family -- it is currently what most people do in Western or Western-influenced societies. But it is only one naming convention, just one among so many other naming conventions that have existed and will continue to exist in human society.
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