Hawaiian Monarch. Born Alexander Iolani Liholiho, the son of kuhina nui, Kinau, and Mataio Kekuanaoa, governor of Oahu. He was a grandson of Kamehameha I, and was, as tradition dictated, raised by his uncle, King Kamehameha III. He was educated at the Calvinist missionary school, later known as Royal School, in Honolulu until the age of 14. In 1849, he and his brother, Lot, toured the United States, England, and France where he celebrated his 16th birthday. He met French President Louis-Napoleon and Prince Albert of Britain. In May 1850, he met with President Zachary Taylor and Vice President Millard Filmore. In 1853 Kamehameha III declared him heir apparent. After the king died in December 1854, Alexander took the oath as king under the name Kamehameha IV in January 1855 at the age of 20. In 1856, he married Emma Kalanikaumakaʻamano Kaleleonalani Na'ea Rooke, they had one son, Albert Edward Kauikeaoli Leiopapa. He and his wife established Queen's Hospital in 1859 in an answer to the European diseases that continued to wrack the island's native population; the institution still exists today. He also made possible the establishment of the Anglican Church in Hawaii, translating the Book of Common Prayer into Hawaiian himself. Unhappy with puritanical missionaries and suspicious of grasping American businessmen, he gradually removed all American members from cabinet posts and encouraged the kingdom in commercial interests with other nations, and established the first Hawaiian Chamber of Commerce. Under his reign, Laysan Island and Lisianski Island were annexed in May 1857, and Palmyra Atoll was annexed in April 1862. That year, after a fever of ten days duration, four year old Prince Albert died. Apparently blaming himself for the boy's death, the king withdrew completely from public life. His continuing grief and worsening asthma contributed to his death at age 29 little more than a year later. He was succeeded by his brother, Lot.